2,551 research outputs found
Value Relevance of Financial and Non-Financial Information: Evidence from the Gaming Industry
Using financial and non-financial data from casino gaming firms listed in the United States from 1999–2017, we explore two research questions: (1) Is financial information value relevant to financial markets in the casino gaming industry? (2) Does non-financial information have incremental explanatory power over financial information? In general, we find that accounting numbers can explain a firm’s market value and stock returns in the casino gaming industry, except for accounting accruals, which may behave differently compared to other industries. We also find that non-financial information, such as the number of table games, number of slot machines, and their relative proportion, have significant value relevance in explaining market valuation. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the value relevance of financial and non-financial information in the casino gaming industry. We also provide analysis of firms characterized by these non-financial attributes.
Keywords: hospitality, casino, gaming, value relevance, table games, slot machines
JEL Code: L83, M19, M4
Quantum enhanced positioning and clock synchronization
A wide variety of positioning and ranging procedures are based on repeatedly
sending electromagnetic pulses through space and measuring their time of
arrival. This paper shows that quantum entanglement and squeezing can be
employed to overcome the classical power/bandwidth limits on these procedures,
enhancing their accuracy. Frequency entangled pulses could be used to construct
quantum positioning systems (QPS), to perform clock synchronization, or to do
ranging (quantum radar): all of these techniques exhibit a similar enhancement
compared with analogous protocols that use classical light. Quantum
entanglement and squeezing have been exploited in the context of
interferometry, frequency measurements, lithography, and algorithms. Here, the
problem of positioning a party (say Alice) with respect to a fixed array of
reference points will be analyzed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication by Natur
Simulating quantum statistics with entangled photons: a continuous transition from bosons to fermions
In contrast to classical physics, quantum mechanics divides particles into
two classes-bosons and fermions-whose exchange statistics dictate the dynamics
of systems at a fundamental level. In two dimensions quasi-particles known as
'anyons' exhibit fractional exchange statistics intermediate between these two
classes. The ability to simulate and observe behaviour associated to
fundamentally different quantum particles is important for simulating complex
quantum systems. Here we use the symmetry and quantum correlations of entangled
photons subjected to multiple copies of a quantum process to directly simulate
quantum interference of fermions, bosons and a continuum of fractional
behaviour exhibited by anyons. We observe an average similarity of 93.6\pm0.2%
between an ideal model and experimental observation. The approach generalises
to an arbitrary number of particles and is independent of the statistics of the
particles used, indicating application with other quantum systems and large
scale application.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Shaping the Phase of a Single Photon
While the phase of a coherent light field can be precisely known, the phase
of the individual photons that create this field, considered individually,
cannot. Phase changes within single-photon wave packets, however, have
observable effects. In fact, actively controlling the phase of individual
photons has been identified as a powerful resource for quantum communication
protocols. Here we demonstrate the arbitrary phase control of a single photon.
The phase modulation is applied without affecting the photon's amplitude
profile and is verified via a two-photon quantum interference measurement,
which can result in the fermionic spatial behaviour of photon pairs. Combined
with previously demonstrated control of a single photon's amplitude, frequency,
and polarisation, the fully deterministic phase shaping presented here allows
for the complete control of single-photon wave packets.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Multimode quantum interference of photons in multiport integrated devices
We report the first demonstration of quantum interference in multimode
interference (MMI) devices and a new complete characterization technique that
can be applied to any photonic device that removes the need for phase stable
measurements. MMI devices provide a compact and robust realization of NxM
optical circuits, which will dramatically reduce the complexity and increase
the functionality of future generations of quantum photonic circuits
Quantum Interference of Photon Pairs from Two Trapped Atomic Ions
We collect the fluorescence from two trapped atomic ions, and measure quantum
interference between photons emitted from the ions. The interference of two
photons is a crucial component of schemes to entangle atomic qubits based on a
photonic coupling. The ability to preserve the generated entanglement and to
repeat the experiment with the same ions is necessary to implement entangling
quantum gates between atomic qubits, and allows the implementation of protocols
to efficiently scale to larger numbers of atomic qubits.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Quantum-inspired interferometry with chirped laser pulses
We introduce and implement an interferometric technique based on chirped
femtosecond laser pulses and nonlinear optics. The interference manifests as a
high-visibility (> 85%) phase-insensitive dip in the intensity of an optical
beam when the two interferometer arms are equal to within the coherence length
of the light. This signature is unique in classical interferometry, but is a
direct analogue to Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference. Our technique exhibits
all the metrological advantages of the quantum interferometer, but with signals
at least 10^7 times greater. In particular we demonstrate enhanced resolution,
robustness against loss, and automatic dispersion cancellation. Our
interferometer offers significant advantages over previous technologies, both
quantum and classical, in precision time delay measurements and biomedical
imaging.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Improving the performance of bright quantum dot single photon sources using amplitude modulation
Single epitaxially-grown semiconductor quantum dots have great potential as
single photon sources for photonic quantum technologies, though in practice
devices often exhibit non-ideal behavior. Here, we demonstrate that amplitude
modulation can improve the performance of quantum-dot-based sources. Starting
with a bright source consisting of a single quantum dot in a fiber-coupled
microdisk cavity, we use synchronized amplitude modulation to temporally filter
the emitted light. We observe that the single photon purity, temporal overlap
between successive emission events, and indistinguishability can be greatly
improved with this technique. As this method can be applied to any triggered
single photon source, independent of geometry and after device fabrication, it
is a flexible approach to improve the performance of solid-state systems, which
often suffer from excess dephasing and multi-photon background emission
De Broglie Wavelength of a Nonlocal Four-Photon
Superposition is one of the most distinct features of quantum theory and has
been demonstrated in numerous realizations of Young's classical double-slit
interference experiment and its analogues. However, quantum entanglement - a
significant coherent superposition in multiparticle systems - yields phenomena
that are much richer and more interesting than anything that can be seen in a
one-particle system. Among them, one important type of multi-particle
experiments uses path-entangled number-states, which exhibit pure higher-order
interference and allow novel applications in metrology and imaging such as
quantum interferometry and spectroscopy with phase sensitivity at the
Heisenberg limit or quantum lithography beyond the classical diffraction limit.
Up to now, in optical implementations of such schemes lower-order interference
effects would always decrease the overall performance at higher particle
numbers. They have thus been limited to two photons. We overcome this
limitation and demonstrate a linear-optics-based four-photon interferometer.
Observation of a four-particle mode-entangled state is confirmed by
interference fringes with a periodicity of one quarter of the single-photon
wavelength. This scheme can readily be extended to arbitrary photon numbers and
thus represents an important step towards realizable applications with
entanglement-enhanced performance.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, submitted on November 18, 200
Optimal quantum cloning of orbital angular momentum photon qubits via Hong-Ou-Mandel coalescence
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light, associated with a helical
structure of the wavefunction, has a great potential for quantum photonics, as
it allows attaching a higher dimensional quantum space to each photon.
Hitherto, however, the use of OAM has been hindered by its difficult
manipulation. Here, exploiting the recently demonstrated spin-OAM information
transfer tools, we report the first observation of the Hong-Ou-Mandel
coalescence of two incoming photons having nonzero OAM into the same outgoing
mode of a beam-splitter. The coalescence can be switched on and off by varying
the input OAM state of the photons. Such effect has been then exploited to
carry out the 1 \rightarrow 2 universal optimal quantum cloning of OAM-encoded
qubits, using the symmetrization technique already developed for polarization.
These results are finally shown to be scalable to quantum spaces of arbitrary
dimension, even combining different degrees of freedom of the photons.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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